digital electronics | download pdf for engineering of digital communication
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Basic introduction of digital communication :-
1. The communication process : elements of a communication
2. sources of information
3. Baseband and Passband signals
4. Classification of communication
- Fourier series : definition and basic concept
- Exponential Fourier series (i.e complex exponential Fourier series)
- Fourier Transform : mathematical representation
- Inverse Fourier Transform : Mathematical Representation
- Properties of Fourier Transform
- Fourier transforms of Few standard signals
- Energy spectral density (ESD) : definition
- definition of ESD : definition
- Power spectral density (PSD) : definition
- Auto correlation function for the energy signals
- cross correlation of energy signals
- auto correlation function of power signals
- cross correlation of power signals
Probability theory and Random variables
- properties of Cumulative distribution function (CDF)
- Cumulative distribution function for discrete Random variables
- Properties of probability density function (PDF)
- Properties of joint cumulative distribution function
- Properties of joint PDF
- The relationship between joint PDF and probability
- properties of conditional PDF
- Mean or Average
- Mean value of discrete Random variable
- Mean Values of continuous Random Variables
- Moments and Variance ‘
- Ensemble and time averages
- Ensemble Averages
- time averages
- Stationary and non-stationary Random process
- Wide sense Stationary (i.e., Weakly stationary) process
- Ergodic process
- Gaussion process
- Autocorrelation function
- properties of autocorrelation function of random process
- Cross correlation function
- Power spectral density (PSD)
- energy spectral density (ESD)
Sampling theory and pulse modulation
- Important points about sampling theorem
- Ideal sampling or instantaneous sampling or impulse sampling
- natural sampling
- Flat top sampling or rectangular pulse sampling
- Naturally sampled pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) signal
- Instantaneous or idealy sampled pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) signal
- Transmission Bandwidth in pulse Amplitude modulation (PAM)
- Demodulation of PAM signals
- Transmission of PAM signals
- Drawbacks of Pulse Amplitude modulated (PAM) signal
- pulse width modulation (PWM)
- Frequency spectrum for PWM wave
- modulation of PWM signal or PWM generation
- Demodulation of PWM signal
- Advantages of PWM
- Disadvantages of PWM
- pulse position modulation
- Generation of PPM signal
- Advantages of PPM
- Disadvantages of PPM
Waveform coding Techniques
- Block diagram of a Repeater
- Classification of Quantization process
- A uniform Quantizer
- Advantages of digital representation of a signal : salient Features
- Drawbacks
- difference between waveform coding and source coding
- encoding in PCM
- Multiplexing in PCM systems
- Synchronization in PCM
- benefits of pcm
- PCM is not used for radio Broadcasting
- Compressor characteristic
- Expander characteristics
- μ law companding
- A – law companding
23. Applications of PCM
- advantages of delta modulation : salient Features of delta modulation
- Drawbacks of delta modulation
- Bit rate (i.e. signaling rate) of delta modulation
27. Evaluation of maximum output signal to noise ratio
- Drawback of conventional delta modulation
- Advantages of use of Integrator
- Block diagram of delta sigma modulator
- Simplified sigma delta system in a simplified manner
- Advantages of adaptive delta modulation : salient features
- Importance of prediction gain
- types of predictors
- Advantage of DPCM : salient Features
digital multiplexers
- Frequency division multiplexing
- time division multiplexing (TDM)
- signaling rate and its determination in a PAM/TDM system
- Transmission Bandwidth of a PAM/TDM channel
- synchronization and its significant in PAM/TDM system
- concept of crosstalk in a PAM/TDM system
- concept of Guard time
- salient Features of TDM
- Drawbacks of TDM
- principle of digital multiplexing
- calculation of Bit rate at Each level
- Bit rate and transmission channel Bandwidth
- Bandwidth Efficiency
- Advantages of digital Multiplexing : salient Features
Digital Baseband Transmission
- Salient Features of the psd of a Manchester format
- Calculating of signal to noise Ratio for the integrate and Dump filter
- computation of Probability of error for Integrate and Dump filter receiver
- Calculation of probability of error (Pc) for optimum filter
- Evaluation of transfer function for the optimum filter
- Calculation of Impulse response for the matched filter
- Calculation of probability of error (Pe) for the matched filter
- Few points about error probability of error , Pe of matched filter
Introduction to signal space Analysis
digital modulation techniques
- signal space diagram of ASK
- generation of ASK signal
- BASK reception : coherent detection or demodulation of binary ASK signal
- salient feature of BASK
- Drawback
- Bit error rate (BER) or probability of error
5. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK)
- generation of BPSK signal
- reception of BPSK signal : coherent detection
- the spectrum of BPSK signals
- A Geometrical representation for BPSK signals
- Bandwidth for BPSK signal
- Salient Features of BPSK
- Drawbacks of BPSK
- Bit error rate (BER) or probability of error
- Generation of BFSK
- The spectrum of BFSK signal
- Bandwidth of BFSK signal
- BPSK receiver : coherent detection of BFSK
- Geometrical Representation of orthogonal BFSK
- comparison of three basic digital modulation techniques
- Geometrical representation of non orthogonal BFSK signals
- salient features of BFSK
- Drawback of BFSK
7. Non coherent binary modulation techniques
8. non coherent binary amplitude shift keying (ASK)
9. Non coherent detection of FSK
10. Differential phase shift keying (DPSK)
- Generation of DPSK
- detection of DPSK
- Evaluation of bandwidth of DPSK signal
- Advantages and disadvantages of DPSK
- performance comparison of BPSK and DPSK
- Reception of QPSK (i.e. detection of QPSK)
- concept of carrier synchronization in QPSK
- signal space representation in QPSK signals
- spectrum of QPSK signal
- Bandwidth of QPSK signal
- Advantages of QPSK
- signal space representation of MSK and distance between the signal points (i.e. geometrical representation of MSK)
- power spectral density (PSD) and bandwidth of MSK
- Generation of MSK
- reception of MSK (i.e. detection of MSK)
- Advantages and Drawbacks of MSK as compared to QPSK
- Probability of error for PCM system
- probability of error
Information theory
- Channel representation
- The channel matrix
- lossless channel
- Deterministic channel
- noiseless channel
- Binary symmetric channel (BSC)
- channel capacity per symbol (Cs)
- channel capacity per second (C)
- capacities of special channel
- Few terms related to source coding process
- the source coding theorem
- classification of codes
- the kraft Inequality
- Shannon Fano coding
- The Huffman coding
Error control coding
- Detection and correction of errors
- classification of codes
- classification of errors
- error detection techniques
- error correction techniques
- Drawbacks of coding technique
- classification of error correcting codes
- types of error control
- Forward error correction (FEC) technique for error control
- basic ARQ system
- Block codes
- Convolutional codes
- Interleaving : definition
- concatenated codes
- classical error control system
- types of channels
- Bandlimited channels
- power limited channels
- parity checking
- checksum error detection
- error detection using VRC and LRC
- error detection and correction capabilities of hamming code
- encoder of (7,4) hamming code
- error correction using syndrome vector
- syndrome decoder for (n,k) block codes
- decoding of a linear block code
- code word polynomial
- generator polynomial for the cyclic code
- Generation of Non systematic code words
- Generation of systematic code words
- Generator and Parity check matrices of the cyclic codes
- systematic form of generator matrix
- Encoder for cyclic codes
- Difference between source coding , line coding and error detection codes
- syndrome decoding for the cyclic codes
- syndrome calculator for the systematic cyclic codes
- decoder for cyclic codes
- cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
- Golay codes
- Bose chaudhuri Hocquenqthem (BCH) codes
- how to use table
- Reed solomon codes (R-S codes)
- Encoder for convolutional coding
- Practical convolutional encoder
- Few definitions Related to convolutional codes
- Time domain approach
- Transform domain approach
- Graphical representation for convolutional encoding
- The code tree
- Code Trellis
- state diagram
- Viterbi Algorithm
- Metric Diversion effect
- Free distance and coding gain
- Transfer function of the convolutional codes
- stop and wait ARQ system
- Go back N ARQ
- selective repeat ARQ system
Spread spectrum modulation techniques
- properties of maximal length sequences
- choosing a maximal length sequence
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English medium Notes
Class 6
Hindi social science science maths English
Class 7
Hindi social science science maths English
Class 8
Hindi social science science maths English
Class 9
Hindi social science science Maths English
Class 10
Hindi Social science science Maths English
Class 11
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chemistry business studies biology accountancy
Class 12
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